Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2013 three investigators cells transport

Two Americans and a German - Americans share Nobel Prize in medicine Monday ( 07/10/2013 ) . They are considered to have solved the mystery of the transport system in the cell.

Two U.S. citizens were James E Rothman (62) and Randy W. Schekman ( the 64th ) . Meanwhile, the German-American citizens is Thomas C. Südhof ( 57 ) . The three were awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine on Monday for discoveries about how cells decide when and where to distribute the resulting molecule .

The work focuses on the smaller bubbles called vesicles inside the cell, which moves hormones and molecules into the cell and out of the cells may , as insulin released into the bloodstream . Fleet services like FedEx vesicles are in the era of the mobile world today . Disturbances in this system will help to trigger diabetes, neurological and immune system .

This study is expected to be very useful for doctors to diagnose the severity of epilepsy in children and decreased immunity. Research on the brain and various neurological diseases also helped the results of these three studies. For manufacturers of biotechnology research three of them helped generate yeast that grows pump large quantities of useful proteins such as insulin .

Rothman , a professor at Yale University , detailing how the engine enables vesicle proteins in target cells join to enable " load transfer " molecules. As Schekman , professor at the University of California, Berkeley, has earned the respect of finding a set of genes that are necessary for the continuity of the movement of the vesicle.

Meanwhile, Südhof , professor at Stanford University , shows vesicles were ordered exactly when should release the molecule. Schekman and Südhof also a researcher at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute .

Schekman find a set of genes that affect the transport of vesicles in the 1970s. Meanwhile, Rothman in 1980 and 1990 to obtain vesicles how to deliver "cargo" in the right place . As Südhof , in the 1990s , identified vesicles machine controller decides when the "messengers" of the chemistry of brain cells communicate with other cells.

When the cells of the pancreas to release insulin-producing cells or the brain to send chemical " messenger " for " talking to neighbors " vesicles will decide when the substance is released into the right place and time. They like also carrying a cargo of our inter-cell .

" Imagine hundreds of thousands of people who traveled hundreds of miles through the streets , how they should find the right way to where the bus stops , or open the door for people to go ," says Nobel Committee Secretary Goran Hansson, find analogies three men. "There are similar problems in the cell," he said .

Former director of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences in Bethesda , said the award came too late. The third work of experts, he said , has broad and fundamental influences , and to encourage the creation of new research.

Berg, who now heads the Institute for Personalized Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh , said that the work of these three researchers provided the intellectual framework used to examine how brain cells communicate and how cell-cell inter- releasing hormone . "The impact is not directly linked to research virtually all neurological diseases and other diseases," he said .

Schekman find a set of genes that affect vesicular transport in the 1970s . As Rothman in 1980 and 1990 to obtain vesicles how to deliver "cargo" in the right place . As Südhof , in the 1990s , identified vesicles machine controller decides when the "messengers" of the chemistry of brain cells communicate with other cells.

" ( The results ) is not an overnight thing . Majority was created and developed for many years , even decades ," said Rothman . He admitted the loss of funding for work that is now recognized Nobel Committee , and plans to submit the request again , hoping to make a difference in research grants .

Schekman said he woke up at 1:00 at his home in California , when contacted by the president of the Price Commission , when he still had jet lag after a trip to Germany a day earlier . " All I can say is , 'Oh, my God, " and that's all. "

Südhof , who was born in Germany, who emigrated to America in 1983 and U.S. citizenship , claiming contacted the Nobel Committee in the middle of driving in Spain , on how to give a lecture . "Once shot , I thought at first ( phone ) it was a joke. I have many friends who can play a variety of tricks , " he said .

Previously, Rothman and Schekman won the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research for their research in 2002. This price is often the starting signal will be receiving the Nobel Prize. Meanwhile, Südhof is a recipient of the Lasker Award last month.

The Nobel Prize was initiated by Swedish businessman Alfred Nobel in 1895 , to honor the work in the fields of physics , chemistry , literature and peace . Nobel economics first given in 1969.

In 2012, the Nobel Prize for Medicine awarded to Sir John B Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka of England from Japan to work on cellular reprogramming . Their results are assessed opened a breakthrough for a more effective treatment methods.

After the announcement of the Nobel Prize in Medicine at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden , on Monday , follow the announcement of the winners of the Nobel Prize in physics on Tuesday ( 08/10/2013 ) , Nobel Prize in Chemistry Wednesday ( 10/09/2013 ) , and the economics prize Monday ( 14.10.2013 ) .

Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday ( 10/11/2013 ) in Oslo, Norway. The announcement of the Nobel Prize in literature has not been set. Each Nobel Prize consists of a grant of 8 million Swedish kronor.

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